Cadmium is a natural element found in tiny amounts in air, water, soil, and food. All soils and rocks, including coal and mineral fertilizers, contain some Cadmium. Most Cadmium used in the United States is extracted during the production of other metals such as zinc, Lead, and copper. Cadmium does not corrode easily and has…
A term for diseases in which abnormal cells divide without control and can invade nearby tissues. Cancer cells can also spread to other parts of the body through the blood and lymph systems. There are several main types of Cancer. Carcinoma is a Cancer that begins in the skin or in tissues that line or…
In 1961, Cellular Aging was first described by Hayflick and Moorhead. They showed that human cells in culture do not divide indefinitely but reach a limit (called the Hayflick limit) of replication and stop all further division. Cells approach this limit by slowing their divisions and entering cellular senescence, a dormant period. Recently, for damaged…
Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) is a new entity in which somatic mutations are found in cells of the blood or bone marrow, but no other criteria for hematologic neoplasia are met. Hematologic neoplasms comprise multiple malignant diseases derived from cells of myeloid or lymphocytic hematopoietic lineages. Its prevalence rises with age and is…
Coal tar is derived from coal. It is a byproduct of the production of coke, a solid fuel that contains mostly carbon, and coal gas. Coal tar is used primarily for the production of refined chemicals and coal-tar products, such as creosote and coal-tar pitch. Certain preparations of coal tar have long been used to…
A group of individuals who share a common trait, such as birth year. In medicine, a Cohort is a group that is part of a clinical trial or study and is observed over a period of time.
An agreement, combination, or group (as of companies) formed to undertake an enterprise beyond the resources of any one member.
An abundant natural material, Crystalline Silica is found in stone, soil, and sand. It is also found in concrete, brick, mortar, and other construction materials. Crystalline Silica comes in several forms, with quartz being the most common. Quartz dust is respirable Crystalline Silica, which means it can be taken in by breathing.
Dioxins are mainly byproducts of industrial practices. They are produced through a variety of incineration processes, including improper municipal waste incineration, and burning of trash, and can be released into the air during natural processes, such as forest fires and volcanoes. Almost every living creature has been exposed to Dioxins or dioxin-like compounds (DLCs).
Refers to physical, chemical, and biological factors external to a person, and related behavioral factors.